Which theory states actions that maximize positive results and benefit the most people?

• A. Utilitarianism
• B. Deontology
• C. Relativism
• D. Transparency

Answer: (A)

The main idea here is evaluating actions by their consequences and the amount of good they produce for others. Utilitarianism holds that the right action is the one that maximizes overall happiness or welfare for the greatest number of people. It focuses on outcomes and the net positive impact across the impacted population, rather than following fixed rules or cultural norms. Deontology, by contrast, bases right action on duties and rules regardless of consequences. Relativism frames morality as dependent on cultural or individual norms, not on objective outcomes. Transparency isn’t an ethical theory about right or wrong actions; it concerns openness and honesty in communication and processes. So, because this question asks for the theory that seeks the maximum positive results for the most people, utilitarianism is the best fit.