Which theory focuses on actions that yield the greatest good for the greatest number?

• A. Deontology
• B. Ethical Egoism
• C. Utilitarianism
• D. Agency

Answer: (C)

The main idea is judging actions by their outcomes for the overall welfare of people. Utilitarianism holds that an action is morally right if it produces the greatest good for the greatest number, focusing on maximizing net happiness or utility for the many. This is a consequences-based approach, meaning the value of an action comes from what it achieves rather than from rules or self-interest. Deontology, in contrast, emphasizes following duties or rules regardless of results; ethical egoism centers on what's best for the individual; and agency theory deals with the relationships between agents and principals rather than a standard for evaluating moral actions.